ancestry: 1851 England Census. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/8860

ancestry: Australia Cemetery Index, 1808-2007. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1266

ancestry: Australia, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1207

ancestry: Derbyshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1912. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61407

ancestry: England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/8912

ancestry: England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1837-1915. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/8914

ancestry: England & Wales, Criminal Registers 1791-1892. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1590

ancestry: England &Wales, Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers, 1567-1936. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/2972

ancestry: England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/9841

ancestry: England, Select Marriages, 1538-1973. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/9852

ancestry: Essex, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms 1813-1921. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61699

ancestry: Essex, England, Church of England Marriages, 1754-1937. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61700

ancestry: Gloucestershire, England, Church of England baptisms, 1813-1913. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/5066

ancestry: Gloucestershire, England, Church of England marriages and Banns, 1754-1938. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/5156

ancestry: London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1558

ancestry: London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1623

ancestry: Monmouthshire, Wales, Anglican Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1551-1994. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/62107

ancestry: New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia Convict Musters 1806-1849. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1185

ancestry: New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia, Convict Pardons and Tickets of Leave, 1834-1859. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1184

ancestry: Norfolk, England, Transcripts of Church of England Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers, 1600-1935. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61636

ancestry: Public Member Family Trees. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/categories/42

ancestry: Scotland, National Probate Index (Calendar of Confirmations and Inventories), 1876-1936. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60558

ancestry: Scotland, Select Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60143

ancestry: Somerset, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1914. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60857

ancestry: Somerset, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1914. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60859

ancestry: Somerset, England, Marriage Registers, Bonds and Allegations, 1754-1914. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60858

ancestry: Tasmania, Australia, Immigrant Lists, 1841-1884. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/2696

ancestry: Tasmania, Australia, Passenger Arrivals, 1829-1957. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/2423

ancestry: Tasmania, Australia, Police Gazettes, 1884-1933. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60971

ancestry: UK Prison Hulk Registers and Letter Books 1802-1849. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1989

ancestry: Victoria, Australia, Outward Passengers Index, 1852-1915. https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/70791

ancestry: Victoria, Police Gazettes, 1855, 1864-1924. https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60885

Australia: National Archives of Australia: Defence and War Service Records. https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/defence-and-war-service-records

Australia: The AIF Project: Australian Anzacs in the Great War 1914-1918. https://aif.adfa.edu.au

Australian Dictionary of Biography. https://adb.anu.edu.au.

Bateson, Charles. The Convict Ships : 1787-1868. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Library of Australian History. 1985.

BillionGraves. https://billiongraves.com

Chapman, Jennie. My Passage in Time : Benjamin Smith. Queensland, Australia : self-published. 2003.

England: Essex Archives Online: Essex Parish Registers. https://www.essexarchivesonline.co.uk

FamilySearch: Australia Births & Baptisms, 1792-1981. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1770729

FamilySearch: Australia, Tasmania, Civil Registration, District Registers, Deaths. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2514003

FamilySearch: Australia, Tasmania, Government Gazette, 1833-1925. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2170647

FamilySearch: Australia, Tasmania, Miscellaneous Records, 1829-2001. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1935075

FamilySearch: England and Wales Birth Registration Index 1837-2008. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2285732

FamilySearch: England and Wales Census, 1841. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1493745

FamilySearch: England and Wales Census, 1851. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2563939

FamilySearch: England and Wales Marriage Registration Index 1837-2005. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2285732

FamilySearch: England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1473014

FamilySearch: England Marriages, 1538-1973. FamilySearch: https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1473015

FamilySearch: England, Middlesex Parish Registers, 1539-1988. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/3734475

FamilySearch: England, Somerset, Church Records, 1501-1999. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/4380193

FamilySearch: England, Staffordshire, Church Records, 1538-1944. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2364451

FamilySearch: England, Sussex, Parish Registers, 1538-1910. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1465706

FamilySearch: England, Warwickshire, Parish Registers, 1535-1963. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1462403

FamilySearch: England, Yorkshire, Parish Registers, 1538-2016. Database. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/4439317.

FamilySearch: Family Tree. https://www.familysearch.org.

FamilySearch: Scotland Births and Baptisms 1564-1950. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1771030

FamilySearch: Scotland Church Records and Kirk Session Records, 1658-1919. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2390848

FamilySearch: Scotland Marriages 1561-1910. https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1771074

Find A Grave. https://www.findagrave.com

Information supplied by family researchers

Irish Genealogy.ie. https://www.irishgenealogy.ie

Libraries Tasmania: Register of Police Establishments (AC486). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Copies of Wills Recording Granting of Probate, 1825-1989 (AD960). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Register of Ships' Arrivals with Lists of Passengers (CB7, CUS30). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Census Returns for Various Districts, Tasmania (CEN1). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Indents of Male Convicts (CON14). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Indents of Female Convicts (CON15). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Description Lists of Male Convicts (CON18). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Description Lists of Female Convicts (CON19). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Convict Male Alphabetical Registers (CON23). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Appropriation Lists of Convicts (CON27). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Registers of Male Convicts arriving in the Period of the Assignment System (CON31). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Registers of Male Convicts arriving in the Period of the Probation System (CON33). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Registers of Male Convicts Arriving under the Assignment System on Strength in Nov 1844 (CON34). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Registers of Male Convicts on Non-convict Ships or Locally Convicted (CON37). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Registers of Female Convicts arriving in the Period of the Assignment System (CON40). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Registers of Female Convicts arriving in the Period of the Probation System (CON41). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Conduct Register of Female Convicts Reconvicted in the Colony (CON42). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Registers of Applications for Permissions to Marry (CON52). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Port Officer's Reports of Ships Arrivals at Hobart (CSO92). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Cargo, Passenger and Crew Lists, Manifests and Associated Documents Relating to Ships Clearances (CUS36). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Photographic Record and Description of Prisoners (GD128). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Prisoners Record Books, Tasmania (GD63). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Despatches received from the Secretary relating to Advances of Emigrants (GO3). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: New Town Infirmary and Consumptive Home - Alphabetical Admission Register, Males and Females (HD274). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Patient Records - Admission Papers (HSD285). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Record of Cases Heard in Petty Sessions, Hobart (LC247). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history
Libraries Tasmania: Record of Cases Heard in Petty Sessions, Bothwell (LC49). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Copies of Land Grants Issued 1823 (LSD354). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Ship Arrivals with Passenger Lists (MB2/39). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Returns of Crews and Passengers on Ships Departing from Launceston (POL220). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Reports of Crime, 1860-1933 (POL709). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Deeds of Land Grants 1832-1935 (RD1). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Marriages at Hobart, Launceston and Franklin Registry Offices (RGD1). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Registers of Baptisms (RGD32). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Registers of Births (RGD33). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Registers of Burials (RGD34). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Registers of Deaths (RGD35). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Marriage Register (Pre-Civil Registration) (RGD36). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Registers of Marriages (RGD37). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Findings relating to Coroner's Inquests (SC195). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Tasmania, Applications for Admission and Associated Papers (SWD26). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Register of Children at Boys Home Lansdowne Crescent (SWD37). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Tasmanian Federation Index 1900-1930. https://libraries.tas.gov.au/family-history

Libraries Tasmania: Tasmanian Government Gazette (Hobart, TAS : 1907+). https://libraries.tas.gov.au/Digital/tgg

Libraries Tasmania: The Cyclopedia of Tasmania. Vol. 1. 1900. https://libraries.tas.gov.au/Digital/25841

Libraries Tasmania: Middleton and Maning's Tasmanian Directory and Gazetteer 1887.  https://libraries.tas.gov.au/Digital/144583556

New South Wales: Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages. https://www.nsw.gov.au/family-and-relationships/family-history-search

New Zealand Archives. Archives New Zealand. https://www.archives.govt.nz

New Zealand: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online. https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz

Papers Past: Evening Star (NZ : 1856-1979). https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz

Papers Past: The New Zealand Herald (Auckland : 1863-1945). https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz

Queensland: Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages. https://www.qld.gov.au/law/rbdm

ScotlandsPeople: Scotland Church Registers, 1553-1854. https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk

ScotlandsPeople: Scotland Statutory Registers 1855+. https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk

Tasmanian Archives. Tasmanian Colonial Secretary's Office General Correspondence (CSO1). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: Copies of Clearances Issued to Ships Leaving Hobart (CSO63). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: List of Outward Passengers (MB2/43). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives. Tasmanian Letterbook of the Warden, Bothwell (MCC2/25). Bound Volume

Tasmanian Archives. Applications for Wives and Families (MM71/1/5). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: Baptismal Register of the Bothwell Church of England (NS1854). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: Burial Records of the Kempton Anglican Church (NS356). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: Records of Oatlands and Other Presbyterian Churches (NS518). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: Bothwell Presbyterian Church Registers (NS592). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives. Registers of Marriages, Banns and Services of the Bothwell Church of England (NS613). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives: Church Records, Latrobe (NS686). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives. Records of the Anglican Parish of Brighton (NS751). Microfilm

Tasmanian Archives. Tasmanian Letterbook of the Police Magistrate, Bothwell (POL14). Bound Volume

Tasmanian Archives. The Mercury (Hobart, TAS : 1955+). Microfilm

Tasmania: Bothwell Cemetery Records. Central Highlands Council

Tasmania: Friends of the Orphans School. https://www.orphanschool.org.au

Tasmania: Millingtons Funerals & Cemeteries. https://www.millingtons.com.au

Tasmania: The List: Properties & Titles. Historic Deeds, Grants & Titles. https://www.thelist.tas.gov.au

Tasmanian Parliamentary Papers 1856-1901. Parliament of Tasmania. https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb

The National Archives, UK: Correspondence with Poor Law Unions and Other Local Authorities. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C10855.

The National Archives, UK: From the Poor Law Commissioners to Union and Parish Officers. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1846083

TROVE: Alexandra and Yea Standard, Gobur, Thornton and Acheron Express (VIC : 1877-1908). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Bell's Life in Tasmania (Hobart, TAS : 1859). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Bent's News and Tasmanian Register (Hobart Town : 1837-1838). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Colonial Times (Hobart, TAS : 1828-1857). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Colonial Times and Tasmanian Advertiser (Hobart, TAS : 1825-1827). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Geelong Advertiser (VIC : 1859-1929). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Healesville Guardian (VIC : 1942-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Hobarton Guardian, or, True Friend of Tasmania (TAS : 1847-1854). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Launceston Advertiser (TAS : 1829-1846). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Launceston Examiner (TAS : 1842-1899). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: MacPhail's Directory of Tasmania 1867-68. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3027675771/view

TROVE: Tasmanian Morning Herald (Hobart, TAS : 1865-1866). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Tasmanian News (Hobart, TAS : 1883-1911). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Tasmanian Weekly Dispatch (Hobart Town, TAS : 1839-1841). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Advertiser (Hobart, TAS : 1861-1865). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Advocate (Burnie, TAS : 1890-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Age (Melbourne, VIC : 1854-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Argus (Melbourne, VIC : 1848-1956). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Australasian (Melbourne, VIC : 1864-1946). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Austral-Asiatic Review, Tasmanian and Australian Advertiser (Hobart, TAS : 1837-1844). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Britannia and Trades' Advocate (Hobart, TAS : 1846-1851). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Colonist (Launceston, TAS : 1888-1891). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Cornwall Chronicle (Launceston, TAS : 1835-1880). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Courier (Hobart, TAS : 1840-1859). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Daily Advertiser (Wagga Wagga, NSW : 1911-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Daily Telegraph (Launceston, TAS : 1883-1928). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883-1930). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Examiner (Launceston, TAS : 1900-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Herald (Melbourne, VIC : 1861-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Advertiser (TAS : 1839-1861). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Courier (TAS : 1827-1839). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Courier and Van Diemen's Land Gazette (TAS : 1839-1840). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Daily Mercury (Hobart, TAS : 1858-1860). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Gazette and Southern Reporter (TAS : 1816-1821). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Gazette and Van Diemen's Land Advertiser (TAS : 1821-1825). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Gazette (TAS : 1825-1833). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobart Town Mercury (TAS : 1857). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Hobarton Mercury (TAS : 1854-1857). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Mercury (Hobart, TAS : 1860-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Mount Lyell Standard and Strahan Gazette (Queenstown, TAS : 1896-1902). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times (TAS : 1899-1919). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian (Hobart, TAS : 1827-1839). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian (Launceston: 1881-1895). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian Colonist (Hobart, TAS : 1851-1855). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian Daily News (Hobart, TAS : 1855-1858). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian Evening Herald (Launceston, TAS : 1878). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian Telegraph (Hobart, TAS : 1858-1859). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian Times (Hobart, TAS : 1867-1870). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Tasmanian Tribune (Hobart, TAS : 1872-1876). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Teetotal Advocate (Launceston, TAS : 1843). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The True Colonist Van Diemen's Land Political Despatch, and Agricultural and Commercial (Hobart, TAS : 1834-1844). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879-1954). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: The Zeehan and Dundas Herald (TAS : 1890-1922). https://trove.nla.gov.au

TROVE: Tribune (Hobart, TAS : 1876-1879). https://trove.nla.gov.au

Victoria: Births, Deaths & Marriages. Images. Research and Family History. https://www.bdm.vic.gov.au/research-and-family-history