19th Century News
Newspaper articles and advertisements that offer insights into life in Bothwell during the 1800s.
Sources Used: TROVE. Images. National Library of Australia. https://trove.nla.gov.au; FamilySearch: Australia, Tasmania, Government Gazette, 1833-1925. Images. https://www.familysearch.org.
OATLANDS QUARTER SESSIONS - 26 April 1855
MONDAY, APRIL 23. The court assembled at ten o'clock. The bench appointed H. F. Anstey, Esq., and Wm Harrison, Esq., visiting magistrates for the current half-year. Mr Macdowell attended and conducted the prosecutions for the crown. The following prisoners pleaded on arraignment: Thomas Clark, John Smith, Henry Jones, and James Brown, severally pleaded not guilty.
Henry Jones, conditional pardon, James Brown, free by servitude, Thomas Clarke, free by servitude, and John Smith, conditional pardon, charged with being armed with sticks staves, and other weapons, did assemble and gather together against the peace of our lady the Queen.
The prisoners, with about thirty other persons, did assemble together on the 26th December last, and made an onslaught on the constables, rescuing from their custody a prisoner, challenging the constables to fight, &c., they then broke into the watchhouse and released therefrom a female, who had been placed there the previous evening. The whole township was in a great state of alarm by the conduct of the parties; a number of special constables were sworn in to assist in restoring order and quietness, which was accomplished after the apprehension of the prisoners. Mr Whitefoord happened to be in Bothwell at the time of the occurrence, and endeavoured to persuade the rioters to disperse peaceably, which they refusing to do, swore in the special constables.
Mr Brewer appeared for the prisoner Brown, and ably addressed the jury on his behalf. After a short deliberation, the jury found all the prisoners guilty.
Thomas Clarke and John Smith to be imprisoned with hard labour for twelve months. Henry Jones to be imprisoned for six months with hard labour. James Brown was sentenced to three months imprisonment with hard labour. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8780100
HORRIBLE MURDER - 28 May 1855
It is with the utmost consternation that we have heard of the dreadful murder of the late Mr Thomas Axford of Bothwell, who was discovered on Friday afternoon, about 4 o'clock, in a ruined hut about a mile from Palmer's, near Constitution Hill, by a large party of friends who were searching for him; he was found in a state of nudity, and with his brains dashed out. Two men have been apprehended on suspicion of the foul deed, and they answer the description of the men who robbed a hawker near St Peter's Pass, of £16 in money a few days a ago, and who stopped a servant of Mr Robert Sutton, near Campbell Town on the 23rd instant In reference to Mr Axford, the following detail of his intended visit to Hobart Town will be found correct; we may add that he had a valuable gold watch with him when he left home. On Tuesday week, Mr Axford left his residence at Bothwell for the purpose of attending Mrs Lackey's sale the next day, and also, of visiting some of his relations, ultimately intending to proceed to Hobart Town. He arrived at Green Ponds by the Bothwell conveyance, purporting to sleep that night at the house of his son-in-law, Mr Chamberlain of the Tea Tree. On his arrival at Green Ponds, Mr G. A. Kemp drove him in his gig to the post-office, where he left him. Mr Kemp invited him to take some refreshment which he declined, and told Mr Kemp that he would soon follow him to the coach; this was about three o'clock in the afternoon. Mr Kemp, however, did not again see him, and the next place to which he has been traced, was the Blacksmith's shop at the top of Constitution Hill near the Windmill, where he stopped a short time in conversation with the blacksmith. Soon after this, a person answering Mr Axford's description, was seen by Mrs Rhodes, who keeps a small shop about a quarter of a mile from the blacksmith's; she describes him as "walking smartly" down the hill with a small switch in his hand. The last intelligence which has been received is from a man who was ploughing in a field near the junction of the main road and what is known as the Sawyers' Road, leading to the Tiers. He also describes him as walking at a smart pace, and this would have occurred between half- past four to a quarter to five o'clock. Here, then all clue is lost, for Mr Palmer, who lives about a mile and a half from this point, and at whose house Mr Axford always called, has never seen nor heard anything about him. It may appear strange that so long a time had elapsed before any enquiry was made on the subject, but this is easily accounted for by the fact, that while Mr Axford's friends at Bothwell supposed him to be in Hobart Town, the ultimate destination of his journey, his friends in Hobart Town had no idea but that he was securely at home. A liberal reward is offered upon the conviction of the murderer or murderers. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3335606
BOTHWELL - 29 May 1855
From a Correspondent. You will have doubtless heard of the sad affair of the murder of Mr Thomas Axford, senior, an old resident in this neighbourhood of more than thirty years' standing. He left his home on Tuesday fortnight last, intending to spend a few days with a relative. His family, not hearing from or of him for more than a week, became anxious on his account, and during some days last past, the police and most of the neighbours commenced an active search in the locality where he was last seen. This was near the highest part of Constitution Hill. He had left the mill near that spot on the Tuesday afternoon, purposing to walk forward on the main road till the coach should overtake him. After an active but unavailing search for a long time his body, which had been obviously lifeless for many days, was at length discovered about two hundred paces away from the high road, and about a hundred yards before you come to Palmer's Inn, at the foot of the hill. The remains presented a shocking spectacle. The body was found lying on an open spot of ground that was surrounded by thin bushes. His son and another person had, in the search, actually twice passed within ten yards of the spot. His coat and trousers were stripped from him, as well as one boot; the other had only been unlaced. The hinder part of the head had been beaten in by a large stone, as well as one of the temples, and the stone itself, covered with blood and hair, was laid close by the corpse. The body had been rifled by the murderer, and a gold watch and seven sovereigns had been taken away. The victim of this horrid outrage was a peculiarly mild, harmless and inoffensive man. His age was sixty-four, and he was grey-haired. The inquest was held at Palmer's Inn, on Saturday last, and the remains will be interred at Bothwell, this day. This shocking murder has excited the deepest sympathy and further more we may add, alarm too, as it was perpetrated in the day time, within almost a stone's throw of the high road between Hobart Town and Launceston. It is some consolation to know that there is considerable probability of the wretch committing this offence being brought to justice; but you will feel that it is not right now to publish any matters upon this point.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2484398
CONFESSION OF WHELAN - 27 June 1855
HORRIBLE DISCLOSURES! AND THE DISCOVERY OF ONE OF HIS MURDERED VICTIMS. For the sake of humanity, and in order to prevent the ill effects of circumstantial evidence, as effecting persons charged with murder, - and especially with the murder of the late Mr Axford, and others, for which certain individuals are now in custody, we have the satisfaction to state, that on Monday night the condemned criminal Whelan, anxious as we may presume to disburden his conscience of its heavy load of crime, confessed in the presence of the Colonial Secretary and the Reverend Vicar General, that he had committed no less than five murders, and four of them in the space of six weeks. The wretched criminal described the spot where Mr Axford’s body was found... https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3335850
EXECUTION - 27 June 1855
The four condemned criminals, Whelan, Connolly, Heylin, and Knights, underwent the last sentence of the law on the drop in the goal yard. Whelan appeared on the scaffold with a smile, and met his doom apparently with calmness and fortitude. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3335852
ROCKY WHELAN’S STATEMENT - 2 July 1855
Hobart Town Gaol, 25th June, 1855. I, John Whelan, alias Rocky Whelan, condemned to suffer tomorrow morning for robberies on Wm. Kearney and Richard Carpenter, which I acknowledge to have committed, with deep sorrow, and in order to make what reparation I can, do solemnly declare that I did, and being then alone, commit the following murders:...
3. An elderly man at Bagdad, six or seven weeks ago. I shot him in the head, and then robbed him...
I most humbly and sincerely beg forgiveness of the friends of these victims of my cruelty, and hope that the Almighty will have mercy on my poor soul.
JOHN WHELAN, his mark.
Taken before me in the gaol, at Hobart, this 25th June, 1855, at five minutes before seven o'clock in the evening, having been just read over to Whelan, who declares that the same is true. W. T. CHAMP.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3335885
BOTHWELL - 1 April 1856
March 31, 1856. To John Whitefoord, Esquire.
Sir, We, the undersigned, residents in the district, having learned that we are about to be deprived of your services as Police Magistrate, beg to express the high estimation we entertain of the manner in which you have performed the duties that have devolved upon you. The able and impartial manner in which you have decided all cases brought before you for adjudication, combined with your courteous demeanour towards all classes of persons who have had occasion to address you on matters of business, have earned for you the respect and esteem of the inhabitants of this District. We beg, in conclusion, to express our sincere regret that your official connection with us, which has now existed for a period of more than two years, is about to cease, and trusting that the contemplated change may prove to your advantage.
We remain, Sir, Your obedient servants, Humphrey M. Howells, Frederick E. Teush, Walter Synnot, Alexander Reid, John Maddock, Alexander Reid Jnr, Thomas Howells, George Nicholas, James Howells, John Ibbott, John Howells, Edward Nicholas, P. Wilson, Matthew Robinson, A. Mitchell, Duncan McRae, John Tod, W. Langdon, Frederick Patterson, John McWaide, William Downes, David Graham, William Moyes, David Norton, George W. Ife, John Brown, James Muny, Jonathan Bowden, William Wood Hughes, John McGinnes, Edward Bowden, Thomas Anderson, Robert Whiteway, James Macdonald, Edward Bowden Snr, Jeremiah Ware, Frederick Synnot, Edward Andrews, John Robertson, William Horne, John White, A. Patterson, William Hesketh, William North, John B. Park, Thomas Axford.
Bothwell, 31st March, 1856. To Frederick Synnot, Esq., JP; The Reverend John Robertson; The Reverend Wickham M. Hesketh, M.A.; and other Gentlemen who have subscribed the Address.
Gentlemen. It affords me the highest satisfaction to have received from you at the close of my official connexion with the district of Bothwell as Police Magistrate, the flattering expression of approval of my public services in that appointment which you have done me the honour to present to me. Accept my grateful acknowledgments for this mark of your confidence and esteem. In undertaking the duties from which I am about to be relieved, I should have felt more keenly the disadvantage opposed to me in winning your good opinion, arising from the circumstance of my displacing a resident magistrate from the district, added to the distance of my residence from you, and the weight of my official engagements elsewhere, if I had not learnt by experience that public service in this colony, faithfully and zealously rendered, had never fallen short of public appreciation. The tribute now offered by you has more than justified that conviction, and I can assure you that if the discharge of my duties in this district has not been unattended with a degree of toil, anxiety, and exposure, these are abundantly recompensed to me by the gratifying terms of esteem imprinted upon my mind by your Address. Permit me to hope, in taking leave of you, that although my official union with the district of Bothwell ceases, the tie of regard which that connexion has given rise to between the inhabitants and myself may long continue to exist.
I remain, Gentlemen, Ever your most obliged and faithful servant, John Whitefoord, P.M. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2501286
BOTHWELL - 4 August 1856
This little Township, the Settlement of a number of industrious Scotch Settlers, is progressing in a greater degree than most of the other Townships in the interior. It possesses a Literary association of 30 Members with a Library of about 500 Volumes under the care of the Presbyterian Minister, who is Honorary Secretary and Treasurer; and a School house recently creeled at the joint expense of the inhabitants and the Government, for £600, at which 54 children attend, the Master being one of the trained Schoolmasters sent out from Home.
At present there is not a vacant house in the Village, all being occupied by a steady, respectable and industrious class of Mechanics and Labourers.
An occasional imbiber appears at the Police Office and pays his mite in aid of the General Revenue, and now and then a case of non-payment of wages comes before the Bench.
Bothwell had recently a visit from one of the Candidates for Legislatorial honours, whose speech of three hours’ duration so won upon the hearts of some of his hearers that "some who came to scoff remained to pray;" in other words, after signing a Requisition to another Candidate, promised their Votes to this.
The view at present of the Denison Range and Wylds Crag from this is most grand, the mountains being perfectly white with snow and looking like ice-bergs at sea. The ice near the Township is ¾ of an inch thick.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3338852
BOTHWELL - 27 August 1856
The Public School building is nearly completed, one room will be 30 x 20 feet, another is appropriated to the girls, who are to be industrially taught, and a third room to be the Public Library, on the table of which will be found magazines and newspapers, contributed by the Townspeople, and 500 volumes of select works on its shelves. The present schoolmaster is indefatigable, and his labours are duly appreciated by the parents, and the Visiting Magistrates of the District. A bazaar to be held on nomination day, in aid of the funds of the school, and the Ladies of the District are all zealously working for the purpose, and in the evening a grand exhibition of magic lanterns is to be made.
The Savings Bank, established under the auspices of the new A. P. Magistrate, is succeeding upwards of £25 having been paid in during the month. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3339044
SUPREME COURT - 6 February 1857
Wednesday, 6th February 1857. Before His Honour, Sir Valentine Fleming, Chief Justice. The Solicitor General conducted the prosecutions.
Stabbing and Wounding - Henry Craig, a respectable-looking young man, was capitally charged with feloniously stabbing and wounding John McGinnes, on the 11th of November, with intent to murder him. A second count charged the prisoner with the intent to do him some grievous bodily harm. The prisoner was defended by Mr Knight.
From the evidence of the prosecutor, who is the Chief District Constable at Bothwell, it was shown that the prisoner came to his house, about 11 o’clock on the night of the day mentioned, and told him that he had been insulted by two men, and had called for the Police, without effect; witness went with him to the constable on the beat, who said he had heard no calls for assistance; witness then told the prisoner not to humbug the Police, when he went away singing, swearing, hallooing, and making a great noise. Witness, with constable Earley, went after him to take him into custody, when a scuffle ensued, and the prisoner stabbed witness in the back; the prisoner was very violent, and his wife coming to his assistance, he escaped; witness afterwards went to his house with four other constables, and took the prisoner into custody. When his wife came up, she took something out of his hand, but witness did not see what it was.
Cross-examined by Mr Knight: Witness was attended by Dr Teush, whom he did not see till about two hours after he was stabbed; he did not see any blood on his shirt before he went to Dr Teush; he did not tell Mr McWaide that the prisoner snapped his fingers at him, and that he then told Earley to take him into custody; witness knew the prisoner, and the prisoner knew him: he was very much under the influence of drink.
The witness’s depositions at the Police Office were read, and Mr Knight cross-examined him on a portion of his evidence. The witness stated that he had been in the Police 12 years, and in the Colony between 15 and 16 years.
By His Honour: The prisoner first began to sing, and then to swear in a very loud voice; he also used indecent language, and acted in such a manner as to disturb the public peace.
By the Foreman of the jury, Mr Wilson: witness had never any quarrel with the prisoner: the night was moonlight, but not very bright; witness did not, at first, feel much pain from the wound, but it afterwards became very painful.
By a Juror, Mr W. Waterhouse: witness could not account for the hole in the lining of the coat being larger than that in the coat itself.
Constable Earley gave corroborative evidence: he stated that had the prisoner called out, he, witness, must have heard him; when McGinnes was struck by the prisoner, he called out, ‘Mind that hand; he has got a knife: I am stabbed.” Witness caught the prisoner’s hand; he had a small pen-knife in it, which witness endeavoured to get but, in the struggle, they all fell down; the prisoner’s wife then came up, and witness told her to stand back, as the prisoner had a knife in his hand; the wife threw herself upon witness, and said to her husband: “Husband dear, give me the knife,” she, then, got the knife out of his hand, shut it, and put it into her gown pocket, as witness thought; the prisoner, through the violence used, got away, and was afterwards apprehended in his own house.
Cross-examined by Mr Knight: It was a light night, and the moon shone bright; the prisoner said he had been assaulted; it might have been six or seven minutes before the wife came up; it might have been four or five minutes before the wife got the knife; no one, except Mr McGinnes, was hurt with the knife; they did not follow the wife to try and get the knife; it had not been found; while they were struggling, witness told the prisoner to give up the knife.
By a Juror, Mr White: witness did not think that McGinnes could have seen the knife, as the prisoner held his hand back.
Dr Teush described the nature of the wound: it was a slight punctured wound, but not in any way dangerous or serious; had it been an inch and a half deeper, or had not the bone intercepted the weapon, it might have proved fatal.
Mr Knight addressed the Jury for the prisoner; he adverted to the discrepancies in the testimony of D.C. McGinnes and Earley, and conjured the jury give the case their most serious consideration, as the life of the prisoner was at stake. The learned counsel repudiated the idea of any intent by the prisoner to murder the prosecutor, or, even, to do him some grievous bodily harm; he used no expression indicative of such intent, and the very nature of the wound refuted it; he laid great stress on the circumstance of no person being hurt by the knife, during a struggle of some minutes, and even doubted the existence of a knife at all: he, also, called the attention of the Jury to the fact of the brutal treatment of the prisoner by McGinnes and Earley, and submitted, that the charge against him might have been made, to exonerate the conduct of the police; he left the case under the direction of His Honour, to the serious consideration of the Jury, who would, he had no doubt, render it every justice compatible with the evidence.
His Honour summed up with his usual perspicuity, explaining to the Jury the law of the case; they were to consider the charge in four points of view; first, whether the prisoner stabbed the prosecutor with intent to kill and murder him; second, whether he so stabbed him with intent to inflict some grievous bodily harm; third, whether he stabbed him without any such intents, and fourth, whether he had committed a common assault. Having adverted to the evidence, and pointed out the main facts adduced by it, His Honour left the Jury to decide upon their verdict.
The Jury retired, and in a quarter of an hour, returned into Court, finding the prisoner Guilty of a common assault, and not guilty of the other charges laid in the information.
The prisoner was remanded for sentence. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3242848
SUPREME COURT - 13 February 1857
Henry Craig, convicted of assault, was sentenced to imprisonment and hard labour in the Gaol at Hobart Town for three years. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2457928
COUNTRY DISTRICTS - 1 February 1858
BOTHWELL. An Inquest was held on Wednesday last, on view of the body of a man named James Browne who had cut his throat on the previous day. The deceased had been fined £5 for harbouring a female passholder, and being unable to pay the amount, he was sent to the Watch house. It was whilst there in custody he committed the fatal Act. With a razor he severed his head almost from his body, cutting right through to the neck bone. At the inquest the jury returned a verdict of temporary insanity. [How came the deceased with a razor about him when locked up in the watch house? Was he not searched? Ed. H.T.M.]
On the same day (Tuesday) a man named Finlay in the employ of the Messrs. Howell fell from a dray when near Mr Axford's Mill, and, it is supposed, the wheel went over him. He was too much intoxicated to be able to give any information regarding the accident. His right arm is very much shattered; besides which he has received other severe injuries which render his recovery extremely problematical.
A short time since a man named Blackie was found dead in the bush - having died from the effects of intemperance.
The bush has been on fire in every direction in this District. For some time the heat has been intense in consequence, although with the exception of a few fences nothing serious has occurred since the destruction of Mr Synnot's house on Christmas Eve.
Yesterday (Wednesday) the town was thrown into a state of great alarm in consequence of a field of wheat, the property of A. Reid Esq., having caught fire through the negligence of one of the reapers. The prompt assistance rendered by the inhabitants prevented the fire from extending.
A serious case of fever, which it is expected will prove fatal, has occurred. The subject of it is a young woman named Martha Pledger, an emigrant per Persian. She only arrived in the district a few days ago from the Quarantine Station. Surely too much caution has not been exercised by the Government, with regard to that vessel.
The sale of Captain Langdon's property last week was numerously and respectably attended, and the stock realised very fair prices.
The blight and the grasshoppers have nearly annihilated vegetation, having actually commenced their destructive operations on the larger fruit trees. The potato crop is a complete failure. The wheat is not so bad and, had we been favoured with a little rain, it would have been splendid. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3246402
BOTHWELL - 11 February 1858
The case of Typhus fever mentioned in my last has proved fatal, and the young woman, Martha Pledger, died a few hours after I had posted my letter; she was ill on her arrival here, and admitted, that she had kept it a secret at the Depot; lest she should be longer detained in quarantine.
On Monday a little girl, four years of age, the daughter of a man named Mahoney, upset a vessel of boiling water, and was so severely scalded, that death ensued the following day.
We have had a lew days' delightful rain, which has cooled and refreshed the parched earth, and helped to extinguish the bushfire.
The Bishop of Tasmania will hold a confirmation here on Thursday the 11th instant, and there are about 30 persons of both sexes to be confirmed. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3246585
BOTHWELL - 19 February 1859
The weather, which for some time past has been very wet and cold, appears to have settled in fine, and the farmers are all in a bustle and activity getting in their crops. They are all very good with the exception of the hay, which, although abundant, is not of first-rate quality. Potatoes are very plentiful and will be very cheap. Onions are also very plentiful, but little sale for them. The blight is fast disappearing from amongst the turnips and garden crops.
On Tuesday the sale at Dennistoun was very numerously and respectably attended. The stock sold remarkably high, the proceeds amounting to nearly £8000! Indeed, the feed is so abundant that there are plenty of buyers and none willing to sell.
Our Township is very dull, although the Wesleyans are making a stir in the religious portion of the community, they having built a neat chapel in close proximity to the Church. Mr Blake gave a piece of ground and £20 towards its erection. Messrs Ife, Wiseman, and others have taken up the cause warmly. The building, which is just completed, will be opened for Public Worship early in March. This has rather roused the zeal of the other religious sects; and the Church, the state of which is no credit to the Township, stands a chance of being repaired. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3253248
COUNTRY DISTRICTS - 20 August 1859
BOTHWELL. PLOUGHING MATCH. This annual match came off on Wednesday last, upon a piece of land belonging to Mr William North, within about a mile of the Township. The weather in the early part of the morning was cloudy, and throughout the day several cold, sharp showers of rain fell, the result of which was that the attendance was not so numerous as upon previous years. Shortly after 9 o'clock, nineteen Ploughs started, twelve for the Europeans' Prize and seven for the "Plough" for the Native Youths'. The work performed by Mr Thomas Nettlewood and Mr Robert Jillett, with Oatlands teams, far surpassed the other work on the ground, a great deal of which was anything but first-rate, and such as we have not been accustomed to see done upon like occasions. Mr Ibbott's son, quite a lad, who obtained the 5th prize in the Natives' Match was much commended, and we feel quite sure that when next he handles "the Plough" in competition, he will be much better placed. In the evening the Europeans' Prizes were awarded at the "Castle Inn," but a protest having been entered against Mr Jillett, on the ground of his being over age, the Natives' Prizes were not awarded until Thursday. Mr Allen, who obtained the second Natives' Prize, was the protestor, but upon Mr Jillett's father stating that his son was not 18 years old until October, he subsequently withdrew his protest, and the successful competitors, having attended at Mr Bowden's on Thursday, received their rewards. The following is a list of Prizes…
NATIVE YOUTHS. 1st prize, a new Plough and £2 - Robert Jillett, Oatlands. 2nd prize, £8 - Richard Allen. 3rd prize, £5 - James Moyes. 4th prize, £2 - William Horne. 5th prize, £1 - George Ibbott.
The Judges for the Ploughing were Messrs T. Dwine and Mr McCall.
A reward of £3 for the best finished new Plough was given to Messrs Bailey and Henry Wise, Bothwell, the makers of the Prize Plough, the Judges being Mr H. Smith and Mr Nichols.
Several Shooting Matches came off on the same day, in which Mr Bailey distinguished himself, and won several good sweepstakes. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3257181